Seyedabdullah Mosavi, Alireza Barari, Asie Abbassi Daloii,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: Significant economic consequences can lead to various problems and complications, including medical complications. Coronary artery disease (CAD), a serious health threat with increasing prevalence, is a major cause of death and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a special training program on cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery.
Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 16 patients who underwent coronary artery surgery in Babol City, Iran. The patients were selected using a random sampling method and divided into 2 groups: experimental and control groups. The experimental group engaged in an exercise program consisting of 3 sessions per week for a duration of 8 weeks. The expression levels of CYP and ROS genes were measured by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The analysis was performed by comparing covariances and means.
Results: ROS gene expression levels significantly decreased in the experimental group than in the control group (P=0.003). However, there was no significant difference in P450 levels between the experimental and control groups (P=0.99).
Conclusion: Special exercises reduced ROS expression and increased P450 expression in patients who had coronary bypass surgery. There is a probability that special exercises, can effectively prevent heart damage by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing ROS.
Shadmehr Mirdar, Monireh Khalili , Neda Aghaei Bahmanbeglou ,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: Exercise and dietary supplements can partially mitigate the negative effects of cadmium. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming and silymarin on placental growth factor (PLGF) in pregnant mice exposed to cadmium.
Methods: Seventy-two 8-week-old pregnant Wistar rats (weighing 20 ± 200 g) were divided into 9 groups, with 8 rats in each group. Cadmium chloride at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight was fed to rats by drinking a water solution. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) was injected subcutaneously 3 times a week. The exercise program during pregnancy consisted of 60 minutes of swimming per day, conducted for 5 days a week. The microscopic sections of samples were taken 2 days after birth using the usual method of tissue sectioning. A 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test at the error level of 0.05 were used to analyze the data.
Results: The PLGF index in the cadmium group showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) compared to the cadmium + silymarin and cadmium + silymarin and swimming groups. However, swimming training alone had no effect on PLGF index (P = 0.162).
Conclusion: Cadmium significantly reduced PLGF levels in neonatal lung tissue, and regular swimming endurance exercises and silymarin supplementation inhibited the effects of cadmium chloride.
Sedigheh Shirkhani, Alireza Barari, Asieh Abbasi Daloii, Mehrdad Saravi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery problems, are the main causes of death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of NOs and NOX2 in coronary artery patients after aerobic exercise and omega-3 intake.
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study in which 32 men with coronary artery disease in the age range of 55 to 65 years were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: control, exercise, omega-3, and omega-3 + exercise. The training program consisted of 8 weeks of intermittent running training, 3 sessions per week, with an intensity of 55 to 65% of the subjects' heart rate reserve and with an emphasis on gradual overload. Subjects consumed 1000 mg of omega-3 daily.
Results: There was a significant increase (P <0.0001) in the mean expression of the NOS gene in the exercise + omega-3 group compared to the control group. The mean ratio of NOX gene expression changes in the exercise group, omega-3, and the combination of exercise + omega-3 was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P <0.0001).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the ability of exercise and omega-3 supplementation to reduce the level of oxidant stress and increase homeostasis control in coronary artery insufficiency shows an important molecular mechanism that underlies the benefits of these interventions.
Sina Jalili Rasti, Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi, Mohammad Amin Younessi Heravi, Ali Yaghubi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of selected endurance training on neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) gene expression in hippocampal areas of rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Methods: In this experimental study, the rats were separated into six equal groups. First, the animals were put under general anesthesia and had their SCI. Then, for four weeks, they were subjected to two kinds of endurance training programs. However, the control injury group received no intervention or training. Following the completion of the training regimes, molecular tests were done using the qRT-PCR technique to evaluate changes in the gene expression of NT-3 and TrkC from the animals' hippocampus.
Results: The expression of NT-3 and TrkC genes were significantly reduced in the SCI model compared to the healthy control group, but it was increased in the SCI + exercise 1 and SCI + exercise 2 groups compared to the SCI group. NT-3 levels did not vary significantly between the SCI + exercise 1 and SCI + exercise 2 groups, although alterations in TrkC levels altered.
Conclusion: In addition to enhancing locomotion in animals with SCI, the endurance training regimens in this research were effective on the expression of NT-3 and TrkC genes and may play a role in axonal development and neuronal survival in SCI recovery.
Hadi Yarahmadi , Mehdi Mogharnasi , Roya Askari , Akram Arzani ,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ten weeks of combined training on the gene expression of nuclear factor-κB and sirtuin 1 in fast and slow twitch muscles of aged male rats.
Methods: Sixteen rats, each 24 months old, were randomly divided into two groups: combined training and control (Eight rats per group). Combined exercises were performed four sessions per week, including two days of endurance and two days of resistance. The exercises took place in a container measuring 50x50x100 cm, filled with water maintained at 30±1°C. On the first day, the animals swam for five minutes in water at a height equal to 100% of their body length, without weights. On the second and third days, the rats swam for 10 minutes with the water height equal to 120% of their body length. On the fourth and fifth days, they swam for 15 minutes with the water height at 140% of their body length, which remained constant during the study period. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with SPSS version 22 software, with the significance level at P≤0.05.
Results: After ten weeks of combined training, a significant difference was observed in the gene expression of nuclear factor-κB and sirtuin 1 between the training and control groups (P=0.001 for both).
Conclusion: According to the results of this research, performing combined exercises in water with appropriate intensity and duration can regulate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, thereby strengthening muscles and reducing muscle wasting and atrophy in the elderly.
Amir Shapoori , Habib Asgharpour , Parvin Farzanegi , Neda Aghaei Bahman Beglou ,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: One of the causes of infertility is azoospermia. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of swimming exercise, cell therapy, and laser therapy on the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics in the testicular tissue of azoospermic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 rats (6-8-weeks old) were randomly assigned to 8 groups: 1) Healthy control, 2) patient, 3) sham, 4) laser, 5) exercise, 6) cell, 7) cell + laser, and 8) cell + exercise. The azoospermia model was induced using busulfan at a dose of 40 mg. Stem cells were transplanted once into the vas deferens at a concentration of 1000000 cells per rat. One week after cell transplantation, laser therapy was applied in three repetitions throughout the study period, with an interval of once a week, and after wound healing, the rats swam for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. To investigate the expression of the studied genes, tissue analysis was performed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.
Results: Azoospermia significantly reduced the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and significantly increased the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (Murf1) in testicular tissue. The use of interventional methods increased the expression of Mfn2, and significantly reduced the expression of Murf1.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the best changes were observed in the exercise + laser group. Therefore, it can be said that in rats using the azoospermia model, the simultaneous use of regular exercise interventions and laser therapy is the most effective.
Fariba Rasannezhad , Asieh Abbassi Daloii, Javad Ziaolhagh , Ahmad Abdi ,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (11-2024)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and psilocybin after methamphetamine induction on the gene expression of certain cerebral cortex semaphorins in female Wistar rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female rats were placed into five groups: control (C), amphetamine (A), amphetamine-aerobic (AA), amphetamine-psilocybin (AP), and amphetamine-psilocybin-aerobic (AAP). Methamphetamine was injected at a dose of 15 mg/kg for 5 days in the morning. Psilocybin was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The aerobic training program included running on a treadmill at 20–25 m/min, three days a week for eight weeks. After eight weeks, gene expression was measured using the Real-Time PCR method. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the average gene expression of semaphorin 3A, semaphorin 4A, and semaphorin 7A in the cerebral cortex of the A group had a significant increase compared to the C group (P = 0.001). The AA, AP, and AAP groups showed a significant decrease in the average expression of semaphorin 3A and semaphorin 4A genes compared to the A group (P = 0.001). The AAP group had a significant decrease in the average expression of the semaphorin 3A gene compared to the AA and AP groups (P = 0.001). In addition, the AAP group showed a significant decrease in semaphorin 7A expression compared to the AP group (P = 0.007).
Conclusion: According to the results, aerobic training and psilocybin supplementation can help reduce semaphorin expression in the cerebral cortex of rats induced with methamphetamine.
Mahshad Paziraee , Habib Asgharpour , Asra Askari , Reza Rezaei Shirazi , Neda Aghaei Bahman Beglo ,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (11-2024)
Abstract
Background: Running and starvation can have a positive effect on the reticulophagy of the liver tissue. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of running and starvation interventions on the atherogenic index and Xbp1 gene change in the liver endoplasmic reticulum of non-alcoholic fatty liver rats (NAFLD).
Methods: Thirty obese male Wistar rats aged 18-20 weeks with an average body weight of 348 ± 25.53 grams, after one week of familiarization with the laboratory environment, were randomly divided into six groups (n=5 per group): 1) starvation, 2) three days of training, 3) five days of training, 4) three days of training plus starvation, 5) five days of training plus starvation, and 6) the control group. All fatty liver animal models had free access to water and standard food pellets (10 gr per 100 g of mouse body weight). The statistical test of one-way analysis of variance was used at a significance level of less than 0.05, and the LSD post-hoc test was used to compare research groups.
Results: According to the experimental results and statistical analyses (One-way analysis of variance), a significant decrease was noticed in the ratio of lipoproteins (VLDL/HDL and LDL/HDL) in all experimental groups compared to the control group. Also, a significant decrease was observed in the expression of XBP1 and CHOP genes in animals doing 3 and 5 days of exercise alone or along with starvation.
Conclusion: Regular exercise for 3 and 5 days per week with starvation can possibly reduce the activity of the genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress in NAFLD patients.
Raouf Moradian, Amir Haji Ghasem, Saleh Rahmati, Lida Moradi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a highly prevalent and chronic liver disease, is characterized by a diverse range of conditions that span across a broad spectrum. Engaging in consistent physical activity has proven to be a successful method in effectively managing NAFLD, as it has demonstrated the ability to enhance crucial elements implicated in the development of the condition.
Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 1. NAFLD, 2. NAFLD + resistance training (RT), and 3. NAFLD + RT + atorvastatin (ATO). The groups received high-fat/fructose diet (HFFD) to induce NAFLD and it was confirmed through evaluation of histopathological analysis (H&E staining) and measurement of aminotransferase enzymes. ATO was administrated at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. The interventions were carried out over eight weeks.
Results: Triglyceride (TG), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were significantly reduced in the NAFLD + RT + ATO group. Additionally, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were lower in NAFLD + RT group than NAFLD + RT + ATO group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was reduced in both NAFLD + RT and NAFLD + RT + ATO groups compared to NAFLD. There was no significant difference in weight between the groups except the first, second, and fourth weeks.
Conclusion: Resistance training in combination with the administration of ATO can be deemed as an efficacious and supplementary strategy to effectively control and address NAFLD.
Bizhan Hooshmand Moghadam, Parisa Pournemati , Maryam Dalirani ,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background: Regular physical activity plays a key role in improving metabolic health and physical fitness. The current study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of two training methods, forward and backward running, on changes in body composition, lipid profiles, cardiovascular function, and some physical fitness indices in young men.
Methods: Thirty eligible young men were selected and divided into two homogeneous groups: forward and backward running. Both groups performed interval running training four days per week for eight weeks (Two minutes of training at 60-85% of the maximum heart rate and one minute of active rest at 35-50% of the maximum heart rate). The interval training programs of both groups were identical, differing only in directions.
Results: There was a significant difference between the effects of two training methods on body fat percentages, waist-hip ratio, anaerobic power, agility, triglyceride and HDL-C (P < 0.05), while they showed no significant difference in terms of weight, body mass index, aerobic power, velocity, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C, heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and Rate Pressure Product (RPP) (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Results of the present study indicated that eight weeks of backward interval running improved some components of physical fitness, body composition and lipid profiles in young men compared with the forward interval running.
Vahid Zolghadri , Alireza Barari , Asieh Abbasi Daloii , Hosein Abed Natanzi ,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy that results from the transformation of pigment-producing melanocytes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on the gene expression of IFN-γ and Endostatin in the liver tissues of mice with melanoma.
Methods: Twenty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups, including control, endurance, nettle, and endurance+nettle. The training program included running on a treadmill for 30 minutes at a speed of 16 meters per minute. The speed was increased by one meter per minute each week, reaching 22 meters per minute in the eighth week. Melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously into the left side of the mice. The experimental groups received 30 mg/kg/day of nettle ethanol extract orally for eight weeks. Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of IFN-γ and Endostatin.
Results: IFN-γ expression levels in the experimental groups were not different from the control group, while Endostatin levels were significantly reduced (p = 0.142, p <0.001, respectively). IFN-γ expression levels in the experimental groups were higher than in the control group, but did not reach a significant level. Also, Endostatin expression levels in training and combination groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.022, p <0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: The results showed that endurance training combined with nettle extract may inhibit angiogenesis and capillary tissue formation in the tumor tissue of mice with melanoma by increasing IFN-γ and decreasing Endostatin.
Abolfazl Aghababaeyan, Sadegh Ali Azimi, Mohammadbagher Nikzad,
Volume 19, Issue 6 (11-2025)
Abstract
Abstract:
Objective: Since the physiological and physical factors of the body may change due to wrestling, in this study, the effect of strenuous exercise was investigated in different age groups of wrestlers.
Method: This applied descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 21 wrestling champions of Golestan province in three different age groups, who performed strenuous exercise on a treadmill at a speed of 6 km per hour until exhaustion, and their biochemical and physical factors were measured before and after running.
Findings:
According to the results obtained from the research, although the heart rate of adult wrestlers was lower than that of teenagers and young adults before and after the activity and the concentration of LDH and La was higher, but based on the findings, intra-group and inter-group changes in anthropometric variables HR (heart rate), La (blood lactate) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) were not statistically significant in all three groups (p≤0.05).
Conclusion:
The heart rate decreased with the increase in the age group, which may be due to long-term training adaptation. Also, the LDH concentration increased with the age group of the wrestlers, which may be due to the high number of fast-twitch fibers and the muscularity of this age group, although there is a difference There was no significance between the indicators of the present research among the three groups.
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