Mohammed Fabin, Jayakrishnan Jayakumar, Swathy Shanker,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug 2024)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder whose pathophysiology has been linked to various genetic and environmental factors. The main mechanism of the development of complications has been implicated as inflammation-mediated. Various blood cell parameters are being used as early indicators of inflammation-mediated endothelial dysfunction; thereby predicting the severity or prognosis of DM. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting glycemic control in patients with DM.
Methods: This is a retrospective, hospital-based study conducted from August 2023 to December 2023. A total of 134 patients were included in the study. The hematological and biochemical reports of the study population were retrieved, and the data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0.
Results: In this study, it has been found that PLR is significantly increased in patients suffering from DM with poor glycemic control compared to those patients with good glycemic control (P<0.001). In concordance with other studies, a positive association was observed between PLR and disease severity.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, PLR may be used as a predictive marker in assessing the severity and prognosis of DM; however, the exact cut-off value is yet to be determined.
Dr Amudha Subramaniam, Dr Saranya Raj, Dr Thashreefa Olakara, Dr Jayakumari S, Dr Veronica Preetha Tilak,
Volume 19, Issue 6 (11-2025)
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. MM arises from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), which can progress to smoldering myeloma and then symptomatic MM The diagnosis of MM relies on Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP), Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE), Free Light Chain (FLC) assays. Additionally, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) plays a crucial role in identifying genetic abnormalities that influence the disease course and prognosis. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of electrophoretic and genetic abnormalities among patients referred for serum protein electrophoresis, with a focus on cytogenetic abnormalities detected by FISH in confirmed MM cases.Materials and Methods: Samples received for SPEP from 2017 to 2023 were analysed. Patients with abnormalities on electrophoresis (distortions, M-spikes) underwent further evaluation, including immunofixation, free light chain assays, bone marrow examination, and other hematologic investigations. Confirmed MM cases were referred for FISH analysis to identify common cytogenetic abnormalities.Results: Out of 800 patients with electrophoretic abnormalities, 100 were confirmed to have multiple myeloma. FISH analysis was available for 68 of these cases, detecting cytogenetic abnormalities in 67.6% of patients. The most common abnormalities were IGH break apart (54.5%), followed by p53 deletion (23.5%), t(4;14) (14.7%), t(14;20) (7.4%), monosomy 13 (5.9%), and monosomy 14 (4.4%). Conclusion: A majority of MM patients exhibited abnormalities on FISH, with IGH break-apart being the most frequently detected. The presence of these cytogenetic abnormalities offers valuable prognostic information and may help guide treatment decisions.
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